Last weekend was cold and rainy here in Palo Alto, so I sat down and hacked one, and thus Twoorl was born. It took me one full day plus a couple of evenings. The codebase is about 1700 lines (including comments). You can get it at http://code.google.com/p/twoorl
Note: you need the trunk version of ErlyWeb to make it work (when released, it will be the 0.7.1 version).
Many people written about Twitter's scalability problems and how to solve them. Some have blamed Rails (TechCrunch is among them), whereas others, including Blaine Cook, Twitter's Architect, have convincingly argued that you can scale a webapp written in any language/framework if you've figured out how to Just Add More Servers to handle the growing traffic. Eran Hammer-Lahav wrote some of the most insightful articles on the subject, On Scaling a Microblogging Service.
I have no idea why Twitter is having a hard time scaling. Well, I have some suspicions, but since I haven't been in the Twitter trenches, such speculation isn't worth wasting many pixels on.
I didn't write a Twitter clone in Erlang because I thought my implementation would be inherently more scalable than a Rails one (although it may be cheaper to scale because Erlang has very good performance) . In fact, Twoorl right now wouldn't scale well at all since I prioritized simplicity above all else.
The reasons I wrote Twoorl are:
- ErlyWeb needs more open source apps showing how to use the framework. It's hard to pick how to use the framework just from the API docs.
- Twitter is awesome. Once you start using it, it becomes addictive. I thought it would be fun to write my own.
- Twitter is very popular, but I don't know of any open source clones. I figured somebody may actually want one!
- Some people think Erlang isn't a good language for building webapps. I like to prove them wrong :)
- Although you can scale pretty much anything, your choice of language can make a difference in of performance and stability, both of which lead to happy users.
- I think Erlang is a great language for writing a Twitter clone because Twitter's functionality offers interesting opportunities benefit from concurrency. Here are a couple of ideas I thought of:
1) If you use sharding, the Tweets for different users would be stored in separated databases. When you render the page for someone's timeline, wouldn't it be advantageous to fetch the tweets for all the users she follows in parallel? In Ruby, you would probably do something like this:
def get_tweets(users)
var alltweets = Array.new()
users.each { | user |
alltweets.add(user.fetch_tweets())
}
alltweets.sort()
return alltweets
end
(Please forgive any language errors -- my Ruby is very rusty. Treat the above as Pseudo code.).
This code would work well enough for a small number of tweet streams, but as the number gets large, it would take a very long time to execute.
In ErlyWeb, you could instead do the following:
get_tweets(Users) ->
sort(flatten(pmap(fun(Usr) -> Usr:tweets() end, Users)))
This would spawn a process for each user the user follows, fetch the tweets for that user, then reassemble them in sorted order in the original process before rendering the page. (Think of it as map/reduce implemented directly in the application controller.) If a user follows hundreds of other users, querying their tweets in parallel can significantly reduce page rendering time.
2) Background tasks. When a user sends a tweet, the first thing you want to do is store it in the database. Then, depending on the features, you have to do a bunch of other stuff: send IM/SMS notifications, update RSS feeds, expire caches, etc. Why not do those tasks in different background processes? After to write to the DB, you can return an immediate reply to the user, giving him or her the perception of speed, and then let the background processes do all the extra work for processing the tweet.
(Such technique works very well for Facebook apps, by the way. In Vimagi, when the user submits a painting, the app first saves the painting data, and then it spawns a new process to update the news feed and profile box, send notifications, etc.)
Anyway, I hope you enjoy Twoorl. It's still in very early alpha. It doesn't have many features and it probably has bugs. Please take Twoorl for a spin and give me your feedback! I'll also appreciate useful contributions :)
